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1 γλῶσσα
γλῶσσα, ης, ἡ (Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX, En; TestJob 43:12; Test12Patr; JosAs 13:8; GrBar 3:6; ApcSed; AscIs 3:18; Philo, Joseph., Just., Tat.)① organ of speech, tongueⓐ lit. (Did., Gen. 88, 26) Lk 16:24; as an organ of speech (Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 31, 195 χαλεπώτατόν ἐστιν τὸ γλώττης κρατεῖν; Did., Gen. 46, 26 ὄργανον λόγου ἐστὶν ἡ γ.) Mk 7:33, 35; (Vi. Aesopi I G 7 P.: Isis heals the mute Aesop τὸ τραχὺ τῆς γλώττης ἀποτεμοῦσα, τὸ κωλῦον αὐτὸν λαλεῖν ‘cutting off the rough part of his tongue that prevented him from speaking’) Lk 1:64; Ro 3:13 (Ps 5:10; 13:3; cp. Hes., Op. 322–26); 14:11 (Is 45:23); Js 1:26; 3:5f, 8 (Apion in the schol. on Od. 3, 341 κράτιστον τῶν μελῶν ἡ γλῶσσα.—JGeffcken, Kynika usw. 1909, 45–53; GAvdBergh vEysinga, NThT 20, ’31, 303–20). 1J 3:18; διὰ τῆς γ. w. the tongue, i.e., in speaking 1 Cor 14:9 (Just., A I, 16, 8 διὰ γλώττης). παύειν τὴν γ. ἀπὸ κακοῦ keep the tongue from (saying) evil things 1 Pt 3:10; 1 Cl 22:3 (both Ps 33:14). Synon. στόμα 35:8 (Ps 49:19); Rv 16:10; 1 Cl 15:4f (Ps 77:36; 11:4f). τὸ ἐπιεικὲς τῆς γ. moderation of the tongue 21:7. μάστιξ γλώσσης words of reproof 56:10 (Job 5:21). Conceited speech 57:2 (cp. 3 Macc 2:17). Of evil tongues Hv 2, 2, 3. ἠγαλλιάσατο ἡ γλῶσσά μου my tongue exulted (the organ for the pers., cp. πούς 1b) Ac 2:26; 1 Cl 18:15 (both Ps 15:9). τὴν γ. προβάλλειν put out the tongue, hiss of a dragon Hv 4, 1, 9.ⓑ fig., of forked flames Ac 2:3 (=לְשׁוֹן אֵשׁ Is 5:24; cp. En 14:9f).② a body of words and systems that makes up a distinctive language, language, tongueⓐ of the language itself (Hom. et al.; PGiss 99, 9; Philo, Mos. 2, 40; Jos., Ant. 10, 8; 158; Just., D. 102, 4) Ac 2:6 v.l., 11; language λαλεῖν ἑτέραις γλώσσαις Ac 2:4. On this s. ἕτερος 2 end.; B-D-F §480, 3.ⓑ of language viewed in terms of pers. using it, language, tongue: πᾶσα γ. every language=every person, regardless of the language that pers. speaks Ro 14:11; Phil 2:11 (Is 45:23; cp. POxy 1381, 198: Ἑλληνὶς δὲ πᾶσα γλῶσσα τὴν σὴν λαλήσει ἱστορίαν καὶ πᾶς Ἕλλην ἀνὴρ τὸν τοῦ Φθᾶ σεβήσεται Ἰμούθην; PGM 12, 188) IMg 10:3. As a distinctive feature of nations γ. can be used as a synonym of φυλή, λαός, ἔθνος (Is 66:18; Da 3:4, 7 al.; Jdth 3:8; AscIs 3:18) Rv 5:9; 7:9; 10:11; 11:9; 13:7; 14:6; 17:15; 2 Cl 17:4 (Is 66:18).③ an utterance outside the normal patterns of intelligible speech and therefore requiring special interpretation, ecstatic language, ecstatic speech, tongue, γλῶσσαι, γένη γλωσσῶν, (ἐν) γλώσσῃ/-αις λαλεῖν (λαλούντων διὰ τοῦ πνεύματος γλώσσαις Iren. 5, 6, 1 [Harv. II 334, 3]) 1 Cor 14:1–27, 39; 12:10, 28, 30; 13:1, 8; Ac 10:46; 19:6. Always without the article (in 1 Cor 14:22 αἱ is anaphoric; vs. 9 belongs under mng. 1a). There is no doubt about the thing referred to, namely the strange speech of persons in religious ecstasy. The phenomenon, as found in Hellenistic religion, is described esp. by ERohde (Psyche3 1903, Eng. tr. 1925, 289–93) and Reitzenstein; cp. Celsus 7, 8; 9. The origin of the term is less clear. Two explanations are prominent today. The one (Bleek, Heinrici et al.) holds that γλῶσσα here means antiquated, foreign, unintelligible, mysterious utterances (Diod S 4, 66, 7 κατὰ γλῶτταν=according to an old expression). The other (Rtzst., Bousset et al.) sees in glossolalia a speaking in marvelous, celestial languages. On ἑρμηνεία γλωσσῶν 1 Cor 12:10 (cp. 14:26) s. ἑρμηνεία.—γλώσσαις καιναῖς λαλεῖν Mk 16:17.—On ‘speaking in tongues’ s. HGunkel, Die Wirkungen d. hl. Geistes2 1899; HWeinel, D. Wirkungen d. Geistes u. d. Geister im nachap. Zeitalter 1899; ELombard, De la Glossolalie chez les premiers chrétiens 1910; EMosiman, Das Zungenreden geschichtl. u. psychol. unters. 1911. WReinhard, D. Wirken d. hl. Geistes 1918, 120ff; KLSchmidt, Die Pfingsterzählung u. d. Pfingstereignis 1919 (against him PSchmiedel, PM 24, 1920, 73–86); HGüntert, Von der Sprache der Götter u. Geister 1921, 23ff; AMackie, The Gift of Tongues 1922; HRust, D. Zungenreden 1924; FBüchsel, D. Geist Gottes im NT 1926, 242ff; 321ff; GCutten, Speaking with Tongues 1927; IMartin, 3rd, Glossolalia in the Apostolic Church: JBL 63, ’44, 123–30; JDavies, Pentecost and Glossolalia: JTS n.s. 3, ’52, 228–31; FBeare, JBL 83, ’64, 229–46; SCurrie, Int 19, ’65, 274–94; RHarrisville, CBQ 38, ’76, 35–48; RAC XI 225–46; EDNT I 251–55.—B. 230; 1260. Frisk. DELG s.v. γλῶχες. M-M. TW. Sv. -
2 ἀντίος
A set against, and so,I in local sense, face to face, opposite,ἀντίοι ἔσταν ἅπαντες Il.1.535
; ἀντίος ἦλθε θέων went to meet them, 6.54; though she faced him,Od.
19.478; esp. in battle, Il.11.216, etc.:ἐχώρεον.. οἱ Πέρσαι ἀντίοι Hdt.9.62
;ἐκ τοῦ ἀντίου προσφέρεσθαι X.Cyr.1.4.8
; ἀντίος ἐλαύνειν ibid.;ἐκ τῆς ἀντίης προσπλέειν Hdt.8.6
;κατ' ἀντίον Hp. VC11
:—freq. c. gen., which often precedes,Ἀγαμέμνονος ἀντίος ἐλθών Il.11.231
, cf. 5.301, 7.98; but also follows,ἀ. ἦλθεν ἄνακτος Od.16.14
, cf. Il.17.31, etc.: less freq. in Hom. c. dat.,ὅς ῥά οἱ ἀ. ἦλθε 15.584
, cf. 7.20; but mostly so after Hom.,ἀντίαι ἵζοντο τοῖσι Πέρσῃσι Hdt.5.18
, cf. Pi.N.10.79, E.Supp. 667, X.An.1.8.17, etc.;ἀ. ἐς.. h.Merc. 345
; = διάμετρος, Man.3.339.b direct, opp. πλάγιος, Antyll. ap. Orib.44.23.9, cf. Heliod.ib.28.2 opposite, contrary,τὸν ἀ. τοῖσδε λόγον A.Ag. 499
; τούτοις ἀντία opinions opposed to these, E.Supp. 466; ἁδεῖα μὲν ἀντία δ' οἴσω with pleasure [ I speak], though I shall offer reproof, S.Tr. 122; οἱ ἀντίοι, = οἱ ἐναντίοι, Pi.P. 1.45 (so later, PTeb.43.21 (ii B.C.));εἰς τὸ ἀντίον X.Eq.12.12
; also λόγοι ἀντίοι ἢ οὓς ἤκουον words the very reverse of those I have heard, Id.An.6.6.34.II as Adv. in neut. ἀντία and ἀντίον, against, over against, abs.,ἀντίον ἷζεν Od.14.79
, cf. 17.334, etc.: more freq. like a Prep. c. gen.,ἀντἴ ἐμεῖο στήσεσθαι Il.21.481
; ἀντία δεσποίνης φάσθαι before her, Od.15.377; so ἀντία σευ in thy presence, Hdt.7.209, cf. 1.133; ἀντίον τοῦ μεγάρου facing it, Id.5.77; , cf. 3.160, al.;τἀνδρὸς ἀντίον μολεῖν S.Tr. 785
: so,2 against,ὅς τις σέθεν ἀντίον εἴπῃ Il.1.230
;ἀντίον αὐτῶν φωνὴν ἱέναι Hdt.2.2
;ἐρίζειν ἀντία τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς Pi.P.4.285
: c. dat.,ἰέναι ἀντία τοῖσι Πέρσῃσι ἐς μάχην Hdt.7.236
;ὕδωρ καπνῷ φέρειν ἀντίον Pi.N.1.25
.4 ἀντία εἶναι to be present, help, of a god, Milet.7p.64 (ii/iii A.D.).—The word is almost confined to Poets and [dialect] Ion. Prose; in [dialect] Att. Prose ἐναντίος is preferred, though X. uses ἀντίος. -
3 νεῖκος
A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > νεῖκος
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4 μέμφομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `reprove, reproach, be discontent, deplore' (Il.), `accuse' (Gortyn; Bechtel Dial. 1, 391).Compounds: Also with prefix, esp. ἐπι-, κατα-. As 1. member in governing comp. μεμψί-μοιρος `reproving fate' (Isoc., Arist.).Derivatives: 1. ( ἐπί-, κατά-)μέμψις `reproof, reproach, objection (Att. since A.; Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 125 n. 3). 2. ( ἐπι-)μομφή `id.' (poet. since Pi., Ep. Col. 3, 13), μόμφος m. `id.' (E. Fr. 633, Mantinea Va); ἐπί-, κατά-μομφος `subject to reproaches, reproachable, reproaching' (A., E.), hypostases from ἐπὶ, κατὰ μομφῆς or Bahuvrihi; also ἐπιμεμφ-ής `reproachable' (Nic., AP), ἰμμεμφ-ής `subject to complaints' (Mantinea Va), from ἐπι-, ἐμ-μέμφομαι transmitted to the σ-stems (Schwyzer 513), opposite ἄ-μομφος (A.), ἀ-μεμφής (Pi., A.) with ἀμεμφ-ία (A., S., cf. Schwyzer 469). -- 3. μέμφειρα f. = μέμψις Telecl. Con... 62), prob. personified after πρέσβειρα, κτεάτειρα a. o. (Schwyzer 474 n. 3). 4. μεμφωλή = μέμψις (H., Suid.).Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably]Etymology: A remarkable similarity shows the isolated Goth. verb bi-mampjan `mock, insult' (Ev. Luc. 16, 14) with deviating p (quite uncertain explanation by Specht Ursprung 261 n. 2); one adduces also (Stokes, Fick) some Celtic words for `contumely, infamy', which however miss the inner nasal, e.g. OIr. mebul `shame'. Well founded doubts a.o. in WP. 2, 261 f., Feist Vgl. Wb. d. got. Spr. s. v.Page in Frisk: 2,207Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μέμφομαι
См. также в других словарях:
reproof — 1. n. 1 blame (a glance of reproof). 2 a rebuke; words expressing blame. Etymology: ME f. OF reprove f. reprover REPROVE 2. v.tr. 1 render (a coat etc.) waterproof again. 2 make a fresh proof of (printed matter etc.) … Useful english dictionary
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have words — verb censure severely or angrily The mother scolded the child for entering a stranger s car The deputy ragged the Prime Minister The customer dressed down the waiter for bringing cold soup • Syn: ↑call on the carpet, ↑take to task, ↑rebuke, ↑ … Useful english dictionary
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